鼠标表示鼠标事件。鼠标操作是通过使用低级界面执行的，该界面允许我们向Web浏览器提供虚拟化的设备输入操作。

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鼠标动作操作方法详细介绍如下：

click_and_hold

移动到该元素，然后在给定元素的中间单击（不释放）

import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChainswith webdriver.Chrome() as driver: driver.get(‘https://www.baidu.com/’) time.sleep(2) setting = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”s-usersetting-top” and text()=”设置”]’) ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(setting).perform() time.sleep(5)

context_click

首先将鼠标移动到元素的位置，然后在给定元素上执行上下文单击（右键单击）

import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChainswith webdriver.Chrome() as driver: driver.get(‘https://www.runoob.com/python/python-tutorial.html’) time.sleep(2) setting = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@rel=”noopener noreferrer” and text()=”Python 3.X 版本的教程”]’) ActionChains(driver).context_click(setting).perform() time.sleep(5)

double_click

移动到该元素，并在给定元素的中间双击

import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChainswith webdriver.Chrome() as driver: driver.get(‘https://www.runoob.com/python/python-tutorial.html’) time.sleep(2) setting = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@rel=”noopener noreferrer” and text()=”Python 3.X 版本的教程”]’) ActionChains(driver).double_click(setting).perform() time.sleep(5)

move_to_element

将鼠标移到元素的中间。执行此操作时，该元素也会滚动到视图中，再进行定位操作

import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChainswith webdriver.Chrome() as driver: driver.get(‘https://www.baidu.com/’) setting = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”s-usersetting-top” and @name=”tj_settingicon”]’) ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(setting).perform() driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[text()=”搜索设置”]’).click() time.sleep(5)

move_by_offset

将鼠标从其当前位置（或0,0）移动给定的偏移量。如果坐标在视图窗口之外，则鼠标将最终在浏览器窗口之外

import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChainswith webdriver.Chrome() as driver: driver.get(‘https://www.baidu.com/’) setting = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”s-usersetting-top” and @name=”tj_settingicon”]’) ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(setting).perform() time.sleep(5) xOffset = 1 yOffset = 1 webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xOffset, yOffset).perform() driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[text()=”搜索设置”]’).click() time.sleep(5)

如我们把xOffset和yOffset的值稍微设置大一点，设置值为 100，就会报不在范围的错误：Message: move target out of bounds

/Users/lifeng/python-virtualenv/venv/bin/python3 /Users/lifeng/python-projects/test-python/selenium_script.pyTraceback (most recent call last): File “/Users/lifeng/python-virtualenv/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py”, line 242, in check_response raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)selenium.common.exceptions.MoveTargetOutOfBoundsException: Message: move target out of bounds (Session info: chrome=89.0.4389.82)

drag_and_drop

首先在源元素上单击并按住，然后移动到目标元素的位置，然后释放鼠标

import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChainswith webdriver.Chrome() as driver: driver.get(‘https://www.baidu.com/’) setting = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”s-usersetting-top” and @name=”tj_settingicon”]’) setting_one = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”s-usersetting-top” and @name=”tj_settingicon”]’) ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(setting, setting_one).perform() driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[text()=”搜索设置”]’).click() time.sleep(5)

drag_and_drop中要传两个参数，传入第一个是源元素setting后按住，再点击传入的目标元素setting_one后，然后再释放掉setting_one

drag_and_drop_by_offset

首先在源元素上单击并按住，移至给定的偏移量，然后释放鼠标。可针对验证码滑动解锁操作

import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChainsfrom selenium.common.exceptions import UnexpectedAlertPresentExceptionwith webdriver.Chrome() as driver: driver.get(‘https://mail.qq.com/’) time.sleep(2) form_ = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”login_frame”]’) driver.switch_to.frame(form_) driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”u”]’).click() driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”u”]’).send_keys(‘16688888888’) driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”p”]’).click() driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”p”]’).send_keys(‘12345678999’) driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”login_button”]’).click() time.sleep(2) code_iframe = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”tcaptcha_iframe”]’) driver.switch_to.frame(code_iframe) code_offset = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id=”tcaptcha_drag_button”]’) ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(code_offset, 179, 0).perform() time.sleep(10)

官方文档中的介绍是可以这样操作：

from selenium import webdriverdriver = webdriver.Chrome()driver.get(“https://crossbrowsertesting.github.io/drag-and-drop”)sourceEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, “draggable”)targetEle = driver.find_element(By.ID, “droppable”)targetEleXOffset = targetEle.location.get(“x”)targetEleYOffset = targetEle.location.get(“y”)webdriver.ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset, targetEleYOffset).perform()

但是实操使用了location.get()的方法，运行后报错了:

/Users/lifeng/python-virtualenv/venv/bin/python3 /Users/lifeng/python-projects/test-python/selenium_script.pyTraceback (most recent call last): File “/Users/lifeng/python-projects/test-python/selenium_script.py”, line 29, in <module> xOffset = code_offset.location(170)TypeError: ‘dict’ object is not callableProcess finished with exit code 1

release

将释放按下的鼠标左键

import timefrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChainswithwebdriver.Chrome()asdriver: driver.get(‘https://www.runoob.com/python/python-tutorial.html’) text_python = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@rel=”noopener noreferrer” and text()=”Python 3.X 版本的教程”]’) target_python = driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@rel=”noopener noreferrer” and text()=”Python 3.X 版本的教程”]’) webdriver.ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(text_python).move_to_element(target_python).perform() webdriver.ActionChains(driver).release().perform() time.sleep(1)

以上总结或许能帮助到你，或许帮助不到你，但还是希望能帮助到你